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PARENT POWER!

  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index
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  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index

PARENT POWER!

  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index
Menu
  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index

PARENT POWER!

  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index
Menu
  • National Overview
  • Select Your State
  • About The Index

Nevada

U.S.
Rank

#16
Overall PPI Score:
71.8%
PPI Grade Key:
← Back to Nevada state overview
A
B
C
D
F
  • Opportunity
  • Innovation
  • Policy Environment

Charter Schools

Score:

75%

Grade:

C

Rank:

#22

Incredible demand and excellent charters have pushed the number of charter schools to  double in two years, and charter students now make up 11% of the population. Still, challenges abound, with encroaching regulations from the state spurred on by the competition charters are creating for districts. It’s a state worth watching.

Fast Facts:

Law passed: 1997

Most recently amended: 2019

Number of charter schools: 69

Number of charter students: 53,223

Cap on the number of schools allowed:? No

Virtual charters allowed? Yes

Charter Law Analysis:

AUTHORIZERS: Local districts and universities, with the State Public Charter School Authority serving as a statewide authorizer. The state heavily regulates authorizing activities, and authorizers and the state department of education have added unnecessary oversight burdens on schools. 

GROWTH:The state does not cap charter schools, but there has been extremely limited growth given the authorizer’s constraining behavior in recent years. Additional constraints will result from a 2019 law which directs the State Public Charter School Authority to establish a plan to manage the growth of charter schools in the state, which in effect will create. The plan must be reviewed at least biennially and revised as necessary.

OPERATIONS: Charter schools do not have a blanket waiver from regulations that apply to district schools; they may request exemption from specific rules and regulations from the local school board. Charters must clear many operational decisions with authorizers and the law requires that they hire certified teachers, but are exempt from collective bargaining. 

EQUITY: A charter school is entitled to receive a proportionate share of money available to districts from federal, state, or local sources. Authorizers may deduct up to 2 percent for administrative fees, but charters meeting certain requirements can request to lower it to 1 percent. Authorizers can also request reimbursements from charters for administrative costs. Nevada’s law does provide for per-pupil facilities funding. The law provides for funding from a legislative appropriation, but this has yet to occur since the legislature adopted the state’s charter school law.

Learn More:

Nevada Charter School Law

Charter School Association of Nevada

Choice Programs (Scholarships, Vouchers, Tax Credits, etc.)

Score:

65%

Grade:

D

Rank:

#16

The just over 1,000 families who can draw on tax credit scholarship dollars for private schooling is a drop in the proverbial bucket, but expansion is on the horizon.

Fast Facts:

Law enacted: 2015

Number of programs: 1

Statewide Participation: 2,306

Types of programs: Tax Credit Scholarship

Choice Laws & Analysis:

Tax-Credit Scholarship
Educational Choice Scholarship Program

Nevada’s tax- credit scholarship program was enacted in 2015, and allows corporations to claim a 100 percent tax credit when they donate to approved Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs), originally up to $11 million in credits. The SGOs award scholarships to students who meet the income requirements of 300% at or below the federal poverty level. The scholarship cap per-student is $8,469.

The new mining tax bill of 2021 expanded funding with an additional $4.745 million in tax credits in the upcoming fiscal year and will allow new students to enter the program, creating broader participation from families across the state. That bill, although extensive in nature and only modestly involving education, will reverse some of the tragic restrictions imposed in 2019, which for that year, decreased student participation by 50%. 

Learn More:

EdChoice Analysis on Nevada

Federation for Children Choice Program Information

2019 ALEC Report Card on American Education

Teacher Quality

Score:

76%

Grade:

C

Rank:

#9

Has implemented a performance pay program; Requires objective measures of student growth to contribute to teacher evaluation scores, using district-level performance measures.

TRAINING AND RECRUITMENT: 69%
General Teacher Preparation 72%
Elementary Teacher Preparation 75%
Secondary Teacher Preparation 73%
Special Education Teacher Preparation 55%
Alternate Routes 70%  

STAFFING AND SUPPORT: 81%
Hiring 80%
Retaining Effective Teachers 81%

TEACHER EVALUATION: 74%

TEACHER COMPENSATION: 78%

Learn More:

National Council for Teacher Quality State Teacher Policy Database

Charter Schools

Score:

75%

Grade:

C

Rank:

#22

Incredible demand and excellent charters have pushed the number of charter schools to  double in two years, and charter students now make up 11% of the population. Still, challenges abound, with encroaching regulations from the state spurred on by the competition charters are creating for districts. It’s a state worth watching.

Fast Facts:

Law passed: 1997

Most recently amended: 2019

Number of charter schools: 69

Number of charter students: 53,223

Cap on the number of schools allowed:? No

Virtual charters allowed? Yes

Charter Law Analysis:

AUTHORIZERS: Local districts and universities, with the State Public Charter School Authority serving as a statewide authorizer. The state heavily regulates authorizing activities, and authorizers and the state department of education have added unnecessary oversight burdens on schools. 

GROWTH:The state does not cap charter schools, but there has been extremely limited growth given the authorizer’s constraining behavior in recent years. Additional constraints will result from a 2019 law which directs the State Public Charter School Authority to establish a plan to manage the growth of charter schools in the state, which in effect will create. The plan must be reviewed at least biennially and revised as necessary.

OPERATIONS: Charter schools do not have a blanket waiver from regulations that apply to district schools; they may request exemption from specific rules and regulations from the local school board. Charters must clear many operational decisions with authorizers and the law requires that they hire certified teachers, but are exempt from collective bargaining. 

EQUITY: A charter school is entitled to receive a proportionate share of money available to districts from federal, state, or local sources. Authorizers may deduct up to 2 percent for administrative fees, but charters meeting certain requirements can request to lower it to 1 percent. Authorizers can also request reimbursements from charters for administrative costs. Nevada’s law does provide for per-pupil facilities funding. The law provides for funding from a legislative appropriation, but this has yet to occur since the legislature adopted the state’s charter school law.

Learn More:

Nevada Charter School Law

Charter School Association of Nevada

Choice Programs (Scholarships, Vouchers, Tax Credits, etc.)

Score:

65%

Grade:

D

Rank:

#16

The just over 1,000 families who can draw on tax credit scholarship dollars for private schooling is a drop in the proverbial bucket, but expansion is on the horizon.

Fast Facts:

Law enacted: 2015

Number of programs: 1

Statewide Participation: 2,306

Types of programs: Tax Credit Scholarship

Choice Laws & Analysis:

Tax-Credit Scholarship
Educational Choice Scholarship Program

Nevada’s tax- credit scholarship program was enacted in 2015, and allows corporations to claim a 100 percent tax credit when they donate to approved Scholarship Granting Organizations (SGOs), originally up to $11 million in credits. The SGOs award scholarships to students who meet the income requirements of 300% at or below the federal poverty level. The scholarship cap per-student is $8,469.

The new mining tax bill of 2021 expanded funding with an additional $4.745 million in tax credits in the upcoming fiscal year and will allow new students to enter the program, creating broader participation from families across the state. That bill, although extensive in nature and only modestly involving education, will reverse some of the tragic restrictions imposed in 2019, which for that year, decreased student participation by 50%. 

Learn More:

EdChoice Analysis on Nevada

Federation for Children Choice Program Information

2019 ALEC Report Card on American Education

Teacher Quality

Score:

76%

Grade:

C

Rank:

#9

Has implemented a performance pay program; Requires objective measures of student growth to contribute to teacher evaluation scores, using district-level performance measures.

TRAINING AND RECRUITMENT: 69%
General Teacher Preparation 72%
Elementary Teacher Preparation 75%
Secondary Teacher Preparation 73%
Special Education Teacher Preparation 55%
Alternate Routes 70%  

STAFFING AND SUPPORT: 81%
Hiring 80%
Retaining Effective Teachers 81%

TEACHER EVALUATION: 74%

TEACHER COMPENSATION: 78%

Learn More:

National Council for Teacher Quality State Teacher Policy Database

Digital & Personalized Learning

Digital Learning:

Score:

82%

Grade:

B

Rank:

#9

Nevada approved 15 school districts and 16 charter schools to have distance education programs. All online courses must comply with the Nevada Academic Content Standards. 

Nevada Ready 21 is a statewide initiative that’s increasing equity and expanding digital learning opportunities by providing every middle and high school student a mobile device, the first phase focusing on middle schools. Additionally, “the program will deliver comprehensive professional development training and support for teachers and administrators as well as improving broadband internet access in schools throughout the state.”

Like in many other states, the pandemic exposed digital learning challenges Nevada was facing, including access to technology, internet connectivity, professional learning exposure, and digital learning resources. As a result, the Nevada Department of Education launched the Nevada Digital Learning Collaborative, a statewide repository for students, educators, and families to access high-quality digital learning tools.

Another statewide initiative launched in the wake of COVID from a partnership between  Nevada’s DOE and Vegas PBS is OnePlaceNevada, “a digital portal housing hundreds of thousands of instructional media resources aligned with Nevada Academic Content Standards.”

The Nevada Learning Academy in the Clark County School District has been a role model for online and digital learning for the rest of the state. NVLA was founded in 2013, is tuition free, and gives secondary students an alternative pathway to graduation. There are currently 293 full time students enrolled, and 9,420 part time students. 

On a district level, the Clark County School District (one of the largest in the nation), has been expanding digital learning through their Mobile Device Initiatives. The Mobile Device Initiatives include: Title 1 One-to-One Mobile Learning e3: Engage, Empower, Explore Project, which provided 9 schools with mobile devices for every student;The Bring-Your-Own Device (BYOD) policy, which now allows students to use their own devices during instructional time; the WI-FI Partner initiative, which provides families with a high-tech interactive map that displays free WiFi hotspots; and the Microsoft Student Advantage program, which “provides students with the most current version of the Microsoft Office Suite for download on up to 5 devices using the following operating systems: Windows, iOS and Android.”

Bandwidth: 100% of students in Nevada can access the Internet at speeds of 100 kbps per student, and many students are connected at higher speeds.

Personalized Learning:

In 2017 the Competency Based Education Network Pilot was established, allowing schools to explore new models of instruction and move away from the traditional one size fits all school system. Participating schools utilize mastery- based grading systems. 

The state also encourages Personalized Learning Plans & Portfolios to prepare students for college and career readiness.

Learn More:

Nevada Ready 21

Nevada Digital Learning Collaborative

OnePlaceNevada

Nevada Learning Academy

Mobile Device Initiatives

Competency Based Education Network Pilot

Personalized Learning Plans & Portfolios

COVID-19 Response

Governor Steve Sisolak announced school closures on March 15th, which were extended through the rest of the school year on April 21st.

The state required districts to submit plans for continued learning, but were allowed to include non-digital components. Leaders there did not take steps to ensure all students had access to devices and the internet, nor did they provide much guidance to teachers and schools in developing plans. Some information has been posted on the state education department website.

The reopening plan for the 2020-21 school year was somewhat of an improvement, though, after thorough guidelines were developed by a task force and distributed to all school leaders and the public.

Districts were encouraged to develop the best plans for their student populations and have more freedom to innovate as they do so.

Fast Facts

4th Grade Math Proficiency:

29%

8th Grade Math Proficiency:

21%

12th Grade Math Proficiency:

24% (nat'l average)

4th Grade Reading Proficiency:

27%

8th Grade Reading Proficiency:

28%

12th Grade Reading Proficiency:

37% (nat'l average)

Graduation Rate:

84%

Average SAT Score:

1172/1600

Average ACT Score:

17.3/36

Public School Enrollment:

486,648

Percent Enrolled in Charter Schools:

11.3%

Average Student Funding:

$9,814.00
Digital & Personalized Learning
Digital Learning:

Score:

82%

Grade:

B

Rank:

#9

Nevada approved 15 school districts and 16 charter schools to have distance education programs. All online courses must comply with the Nevada Academic Content Standards. 

Nevada Ready 21 is a statewide initiative that’s increasing equity and expanding digital learning opportunities by providing every middle and high school student a mobile device, the first phase focusing on middle schools. Additionally, “the program will deliver comprehensive professional development training and support for teachers and administrators as well as improving broadband internet access in schools throughout the state.”

Like in many other states, the pandemic exposed digital learning challenges Nevada was facing, including access to technology, internet connectivity, professional learning exposure, and digital learning resources. As a result, the Nevada Department of Education launched the Nevada Digital Learning Collaborative, a statewide repository for students, educators, and families to access high-quality digital learning tools.

Another statewide initiative launched in the wake of COVID from a partnership between  Nevada’s DOE and Vegas PBS is OnePlaceNevada, “a digital portal housing hundreds of thousands of instructional media resources aligned with Nevada Academic Content Standards.”

The Nevada Learning Academy in the Clark County School District has been a role model for online and digital learning for the rest of the state. NVLA was founded in 2013, is tuition free, and gives secondary students an alternative pathway to graduation. There are currently 293 full time students enrolled, and 9,420 part time students. 

On a district level, the Clark County School District (one of the largest in the nation), has been expanding digital learning through their Mobile Device Initiatives. The Mobile Device Initiatives include: Title 1 One-to-One Mobile Learning e3: Engage, Empower, Explore Project, which provided 9 schools with mobile devices for every student;The Bring-Your-Own Device (BYOD) policy, which now allows students to use their own devices during instructional time; the WI-FI Partner initiative, which provides families with a high-tech interactive map that displays free WiFi hotspots; and the Microsoft Student Advantage program, which “provides students with the most current version of the Microsoft Office Suite for download on up to 5 devices using the following operating systems: Windows, iOS and Android.”

Bandwidth: 100% of students in Nevada can access the Internet at speeds of 100 kbps per student, and many students are connected at higher speeds.

Personalized Learning:

In 2017 the Competency Based Education Network Pilot was established, allowing schools to explore new models of instruction and move away from the traditional one size fits all school system. Participating schools utilize mastery- based grading systems. 

The state also encourages Personalized Learning Plans & Portfolios to prepare students for college and career readiness.

Learn More:

Nevada Ready 21

Nevada Digital Learning Collaborative

OnePlaceNevada

Nevada Learning Academy

Mobile Device Initiatives

Competency Based Education Network Pilot

Personalized Learning Plans & Portfolios

COVID-19 Response

Governor Steve Sisolak announced school closures on March 15th, which were extended through the rest of the school year on April 21st.

The state required districts to submit plans for continued learning, but were allowed to include non-digital components. Leaders there did not take steps to ensure all students had access to devices and the internet, nor did they provide much guidance to teachers and schools in developing plans. Some information has been posted on the state education department website.

The reopening plan for the 2020-21 school year was somewhat of an improvement, though, after thorough guidelines were developed by a task force and distributed to all school leaders and the public.

Districts were encouraged to develop the best plans for their student populations and have more freedom to innovate as they do so.

Fast Facts

4th Grade Math Proficiency:

29%

8th Grade Math Proficiency:

21%

12th Grade Math Proficiency:

24% (nat’l average)

4th Grade Reading Proficiency:

27%

8th Grade Reading Proficiency:

28%

12th Grade Reading Proficiency:

37% (nat’l average)

Graduation Rate:

84%

Average SAT Score:

1172/1600

Average ACT Score:

17.3/36

Public School Enrollment:

486,648

Percent Enrolled in Charter Schools:

11.3%

Average Student Funding:

$9,814.00

Leadership

Your governor:

Joe Lombardo (R)

First term began in 2023 (two-term limit)

In an incredibly close race Sheriff Joe Lombardo upset incumbent Governor Sisolak who was no fan of parent power.  The new Governor promised to become the next “education governor” on the campaign trail, saying he “will also pursue my top priorities of expanding school choice and improving school security.” It remains to be seen what change he can affect with a state legislature controlled by Democrats.

State Legislature:

The state legislature also favors systems over families. It has enacted laws that limit the growth of charter schools, minimize families eligibility for participation in education choice programs and continues to perpetuate unstable bi-annual funding streams. Both chambers unfortunately tend to vote with the unions, at the expense of their children.

Constitutional Issues

Nevada has a Blaine Amendment that has not been found to prohibit expanded educational options, though the Court has ruled on how such programs are funded. “In a 2016 decision, the Nevada Supreme Court held that “providing aid to Nevada families through an ESA program did not constitute the use of state funds for a sectarian purpose and did not violate the Blaine Amendment” (Institute for Justice)and the education article’s common school requirement “did not prohibit the state from encouraging other forms of education.”

Learn More:

Institute for Justice: Nevada School Choice and State Constitution

Transparency

School report cards are very easy to find on Nevada’s DOE homepage under the Data subheading. Report cards are user-friendly and provide parents useful data on school environment and culture including chronic absenteeism rates, average class size, student-to-teacher ratio, credit deficiency, and student mobility. Data on student achievement, personnel, safety, and funding are also accessible from reports.

Educational options are highlighted on the main page by clicking the Families tab, where parents can find information on charter schools and the NV Choice Scholarship program, which increase accountability and transparency.

School board elections are during the general election cycle, which gives parents more power in their decision making because of higher voter turnout.

Leadership
Your governor:

Joe Lombardo (R)

First term began in 2023 (two-term limit)

In an incredibly close race Sheriff Joe Lombardo upset incumbent Governor Sisolak who was no fan of parent power.  The new Governor promised to become the next “education governor” on the campaign trail, saying he “will also pursue my top priorities of expanding school choice and improving school security.” It remains to be seen what change he can affect with a state legislature controlled by Democrats.

State Legislature:

The state legislature also favors systems over families. It has enacted laws that limit the growth of charter schools, minimize families eligibility for participation in education choice programs and continues to perpetuate unstable bi-annual funding streams. Both chambers unfortunately tend to vote with the unions, at the expense of their children.

Constitutional Issues

Nevada has a Blaine Amendment that has not been found to prohibit expanded educational options, though the Court has ruled on how such programs are funded. “In a 2016 decision, the Nevada Supreme Court held that “providing aid to Nevada families through an ESA program did not constitute the use of state funds for a sectarian purpose and did not violate the Blaine Amendment” (Institute for Justice)and the education article’s common school requirement “did not prohibit the state from encouraging other forms of education.”

Learn More:

Institute for Justice: Nevada School Choice and State Constitution

Transparency

School report cards are very easy to find on Nevada’s DOE homepage under the Data subheading. Report cards are user-friendly and provide parents useful data on school environment and culture including chronic absenteeism rates, average class size, student-to-teacher ratio, credit deficiency, and student mobility. Data on student achievement, personnel, safety, and funding are also accessible from reports.

Educational options are highlighted on the main page by clicking the Families tab, where parents can find information on charter schools and the NV Choice Scholarship program, which increase accountability and transparency.

School board elections are during the general election cycle, which gives parents more power in their decision making because of higher voter turnout.

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Charter Schools

Charter schools are public schools, open by choice, free from most rules and regulations that hamper traditional public schools and held accountable for results.

Since 1991, when charter schools were first established in Minnesota, the principle has remained the same — increased operational autonomy in exchange for increased accountability for outcomes. This freedom to innovate allows academically excellent charter schools to flourish.

As of 2020, there were more than 7,300 charter schools across the country with more than 3.3 million students, with demand higher everywhere they are located. Forty-six states, including Washington, D.C. have charter school laws. West Virginia enacted the most recent law in 2019. All charter laws are not created equal, however, and in fact, many are so flawed that they allow for only minimal opportunity for parents. PPI draws from CER’s newest Charter School Law Rankings and Scorecard, produced in the summer of 2020. For the US as a whole, the glass is more empty than full when it comes to meaningful charter choices.

Since 1996, CER has researched, analyzed, and ranked charter school laws, taking the content of each law into consideration as well as how it impacts charter schools on the ground. This Parent Power Index looks at four main areas of each state’s law:

If it allows for multiple authorizers, and if applicants have the ability to appeal a denial; whether it allows for growth, particularly with no caps on number of schools or enrollment; if schools and teachers have freedom to innovate; and if there is equitable funding of schools, including for facilities and transportation.

Charter schools are the most analyzed public school reform in decades. Since 1996, CER has studied their impact, their environment, and their practice and made recommendations for how to improve each law. The Parent Power Index charter score is based on whether the law allows for freedom and flexibility that can ensure parents, teachers and the general public are able to build vibrant, successful charter schools without undue interference from flawed state regulators, with equitable funding and parents in the driver’s seat. More about how this works can be found in CER publications, most notably Charting a New Course and The Future of School.

In addition, past rankings document how states have grown or confined charter schools and what best practices should be followed. Finally CER has provided a model charter school law for policymakers that is the standard bearer for advocates who believe that parents, not systems, should drive education.

Choice Programs

Educational choice is best defined as the availability of a multitude of public programs that provide parents with the ability to include private and religious entities – schools, tutoring, and other organizations – in their choices. Those programs are enacted at the state level, allowing in a wide variety of ways that the funds allocated for education in a state either follow the student to the institution the parent chooses or, as in the case of tax credits, public funds are redistributed to support the choices parents make, rather than automatically going to government based school districts.

These options are often referred to as scholarship programs, vouchers, tax credits, education accounts and more.

The existence of a higher degree of educational choice in a community or state, particularly for lower income students, has been found to be a significant factor in improving education and ensuring all students have access to the best school that meets their individual needs. Where once private options were only available to the more advantaged, most choice programs today ensure that those without resources have the power to shape their student’s education and invest in their future.

PPI 2020 assesses the extent to which every state gives families better and more abundant educational options through various mechanisms. Choice programs are analyzed and evaluated on their potential to reach all children across a state and for the degree to which they can actually support the full choice of parents, as opposed to only providing a modest amount of financial support. Programs where a significant population of parents can obtain scholarships or vouchers to send their children to the school of their choice score higher than those that have limitations based on geography, income, and student eligibility constraints.

To determine scores, PPI relies on well-established organizations which study, advance and support such programs. The scores were developed with this lens, and on information and ratings from EdChoice’s School Choice in America Dashboard, American Legislative Exchange Council’s Report Card on American Education: 23rd Edition, and American Federation for Children’s School Choice Interactive Map.

Teacher Quality

Teacher Quality is an equally important facet of ensuring greater educational opportunity. There is a direct correlation between quality teachers and student achievement, and teachers have the power to foster highly effective learning environments and leave a lasting impact on the future of their students. State teacher policies are critical in ensuring that students have the opportunity to receive the best education possible. Without schools full of well-prepared teachers who are held accountable either directly to the parent or to taxpayers for student achievement, opportunity can be meaningless. Most states vary widely in the criteria used to train, hire, retain, evaluate, reward and advance teachers, and local rules also influence that criteria greatly, as do teachers unions. PPI looked again to the expert analysis of the National Council of Teacher Quality, and from several aspects of their work PPI extrapolated final teacher quality scores. (NCTQ does not grade each state.)

Relying solely on the rich data collected from the National Council on Teacher Quality, states are measured by across a wide range of policy categories: Training and Recruitment, Staffing and Support, Evaluation, and Compensation. The score is by no means comprehensive about teacher quality across every community and state, but it is based on the extent to which states rigorously expect, manage and measure different aspects of teacher training, hiring, evaluation and compensation. States score higher when they have strong, data-driven, performance-based accountability systems that ensure teachers are rewarded, retained, and advanced based on their effectiveness. Likewise, states that establish rigorous teacher preparation programs and offer alternative licensing programs earn higher scores.

For more information about the Teacher Quality landscape, please see the National Council on Teacher Quality’s detailed analysis in their State Teacher Policy Database.

Innovation

States are measured on their increasing commitment to and practice of innovative approaches to education that include digital learning models and pathways, full or in part, encouraging personalized learning through focus on competency and mastery – even on a pilot level – or by allowing flexibility in schools and school districts that want to do it. Personalized learning models value mastery of material over traditional subject matter time tests, and competency over end of course grades. While these practices are best decided locally, closest to the student, states can motivate, incentivize, fund, discourage or encourage.

To determine scores, the PPI drew heavily from ExcelinEd’s 2019 State Progress Toward Next Generation Learning, Aurora Institute’s 2020 Future-Focused State Policy Actions to Transform K-12 Education, and KnowledgeWorks’ 2019 State Policy Framework for Personalized Learning.

COVID-19 Response

When COVID-19 reached our shores in early 2020, states were forced to close their schools for in-person instruction. Whether and how to continue teaching and set expectations for continued learning outside of the classroom was a big debate. Many states and schools quickly pivoted to delivering education remotely, either through technology enabled tools or with low-tech paper packets and phone calls, or a combination of both. The response from schools and school districts varied widely, with some being willing to adapt and some actually discouraging both teaching and learning. CER tracked those responses (and continues to do so, given the fluidity of the situation). States that were encouraging, set expectations, and demanded that schools figure out whatever they could to keep moving students forward, tended to have more schools and districts that responded well and worked to deliver education regardless of challenges. Many states that had digital or virtual learning programs in place were able to make a more seamless shift. Innovative leaders at local and state levels rose to the occasion. But many states and localities dragged their feet and, in some cases, outright discouraged schooling to keep going, including forbidding teachers in some areas to be required to do any face to face teaching via technology.

States were evaluated based on reviewing their official notices and declarations, and by reviewing a broad array of surveys and data many groups have been maintaining. This score also factors in states’ prior commitments to expanding broadband and internet access and how they worked to provide devices to keep students learning and engaged.

What was, and is, a challenging and unprecedented time for schools, teachers, and parents was also an opportunity to look at states’ and schools’ abilities to adapt, be flexible, and innovate.

For more on Education Innovation, check out the CER ACTION Series:

  • Virtual Events & Videos
  • Key Data
  • Resources
  • Publications

Leadership

Improving education opportunity and innovation requires leaders who boldly and courageously push forward to create or expand successful programs that allow a wide variety of educational choice and individualized programs to thrive. Governors and state legislators are the most important entities in each state to pave the way, or deter, expanded parent power. Some leaders pay lip service to issues, while others wake up with a fire in their belly to ensure that they are doing what they can every day to push through conventional wisdom and demand 21st century schooling opportunities for all students.

Whether or not your governor is the bold, fire-in-the-belly kind, or a passive applauder of others’ efforts, is evaluated to help you push or prod or applaud. PPI looks at their positions AND actions on charter schools, choice programs, innovation, and commitment to increasing educational opportunities for all students at every level and summarizes it for you here. You have the power to elect leaders who prioritize parents and students!

Constitutional Issues

The ability for states to enact educational change can be significantly limited depending on certain provisions in state constitutions.

The most common clause that limits educational opportunity in most states are “Blaine Amendments” – named after 19th century Congressman James Blaine nearly 150 years ago. Historically, these provisions in 37 state constitutions were either interpreted to restrict educational choice programs that include private schools or have been a deterrent for many programs being considered, let alone enacted.

This issue received a great deal of press leading up to and following the U.S. Supreme Court’s June 30, 2020 decision in the case of Espinoza vs Montana Department of Revenue, a case that dealt with Montana’s Blaine Amendment. That landmark decision found that the U.S. Constitution “forbids states from excluding religious schools as options for families participating in educational choice programs, including through Blaine Amendments.”

As a result, most states have a new path to enact programs that provide options for families, including religious schools. Their individual versions of Blaine Amendments can either be nullified with attorney generals’ opinions, with legislation or with both. Additional restrictions on expanded opportunity are often dedicated by what is called a Compelled Support Clause where dated constitutional language restricts public funding to government entities.

We look at each state’s particular constitutional issues, utilizing a number of sources, CER attorney analysis and the Institute for Justice’s research as our guide. Additional information about Espinoza and Blaine Amendments can be found here.

In addition, if states have other constitutional barriers to more opportunity, they are evaluated in this area.

Transparency

Transparency is a key element of providing great opportunities for students. Every parent needs and deserves full transparency of school-level data to allow them to make informed decisions and drive changes in how their students are educated. School report cards empower parents in their decision making by giving them access to meaningful and quality education data about a particular school or district. Report cards often provide information on student performance, student growth, attendance, graduation rates, demographics, teacher quality, school environment, assessments, and more. States that have greater transparency and accountability provide the public with data that is current, readily available, and easy to understand.

States are measured based on the transparency and accessibility of data for the average person looking to learn about their child’s school. States have more gas in the tank when school report cards are easily accessible from their state DOE homepage; report cards are comprehensive, user-friendly, and easy to understand; and information about educational options are readily available. Additionally, states score higher when they hold School Board Elections during the General Election cycle, as opposed to off-times of the year when turnout is low, because this tends to afford parents more power in their decision-making.